@prefix twb:     <https://w3id.org/twb#> .
@prefix owl:     <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdfs:    <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:     <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix skos:    <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix vann:    <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/> .
@prefix unit:    <http://qudt.org/vocab/unit/> .

# =================================================================================================
#  TWB construction — a module of the Thin-Walled Blueprint ontology (TWB)
#
#  What a surface is built of: recipes and their layers in order, one of them the structural core;
#  materials; member, cladding, taper, masonry and wall-tie patterns within a layer; coverings on
#  zone boundaries; U- and psi-values; and the levels of specification a detail is resolved at.
#
#  TWB is modular, as SEAS is: one namespace (twb:, https://w3id.org/twb#) shared by every module,
#  each module an ontology of its own that imports only the modules it builds on, and every term
#  stating the module that defines it (rdfs:isDefinedBy). https://w3id.org/twb imports them all.
#
#  Working draft, version 0.3.0 (2026-10-13).
# =================================================================================================

<https://w3id.org/twb/construction>
    a owl:Ontology ;
    dcterms:title "TWB construction"@en ;
    dcterms:description """What a surface is built of: recipes and their layers in order, one of
them the structural core; materials; member, cladding, taper, masonry and wall-tie patterns within a layer;
coverings on zone boundaries; U- and psi-values; and the levels of specification a detail is resolved at."""@en ;
    dcterms:creator "Mads Holten Rasmussen" ;
    dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> ;
    dcterms:isPartOf <https://w3id.org/twb> ;
    vann:preferredNamespacePrefix "twb" ;
    vann:preferredNamespaceUri "https://w3id.org/twb#" ;
    owl:imports <https://w3id.org/twb/core> ;
    owl:versionInfo "0.3.0" ;
    owl:versionIRI <https://w3id.org/twb/construction/0.3.0> ;
    dcterms:modified "2026-10-13"^^xsd:date .

# =================================================================================================
#  Coverings
# =================================================================================================

twb:Covering
    a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Covering"@en ;
    rdfs:comment """A finish or system applied over the recipe's outermost layer where one zone meets a surface — paint, tiles,
a wet-room membrane system. Because it attaches to the zone boundary rather than to the recipe, one recipe can carry
tiles towards a bathroom and paint towards the bedroom on its other side."""@en ;
    twb:ifcCounterpart "IfcCovering" ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:hasCovering
    a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has covering"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "A covering applied to a zone boundary — the part of a side one zone faces — or to a whole surface side."@en ;
    rdfs:range twb:Covering ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

# =================================================================================================
#  Recipes
# =================================================================================================

twb:Recipe
    a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Recipe"@en ;
    rdfs:comment """A type-level specification of the assembly that realises a surface: its layers in order from the inside
side to the outside side, exactly one of which is the structural core, the boundary condition it is designed for,
and the capabilities it provides. The core's members are not listed: they are derived, by the framing rules, for
each surface the recipe is applied to."""@en ;
    twb:archTerm "Assembly (apps/frame-builder/src/envelope/assembly.ts)" ;
    twb:ifcCounterpart "IfcMaterialLayerSet (on an IfcWallType / IfcSlabType)" ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:hasRecipe
    a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has recipe"@en ;
    rdfs:domain twb:Surface ;
    rdfs:range twb:Recipe ;
    twb:ifcCounterpart "IfcRelAssociatesMaterial with IfcMaterialLayerSetUsage" ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:recipeSource
    a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "recipe source"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "How a surface's recipe was decided: stated for the surface, or assigned by a rule."@en ;
    rdfs:domain twb:Surface ;
    rdfs:range twb:Resolution ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:Layer
    a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Layer"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "One layer of a recipe: a material, a thickness and, if it is inhomogeneous, the members or boards it is made of."@en ;
    twb:archTerm "EnvelopeLayer" ;
    twb:ifcCounterpart "IfcMaterialLayer" ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:hasLayer
    a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has layer"@en ;
    rdfs:domain twb:Recipe ;
    rdfs:range twb:Layer ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:layerIndex
    a owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "layer index"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "The position of the layer in its recipe, counted from 0 on the inside side."@en ;
    rdfs:range xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:isCore
    a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "is core"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "True for the layer the structural frame lies in. Its depth and members are derived per surface."@en ;
    rdfs:domain twb:Layer ;
    rdfs:range xsd:boolean ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:thickness
    a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "thickness"@en ;
    rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
    twb:unit unit:MilliM ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:material
    a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "material"@en ;
    rdfs:range twb:Material ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:Material
    a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Material"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "A generic material, with the design values calculations read. A product's declared values may replace them."@en ;
    twb:ifcCounterpart "IfcMaterial" ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:materialKind
    a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "material kind"@en ;
    rdfs:domain twb:Material ;
    rdfs:range twb:MaterialKind ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:MaterialKind
    a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf skos:Concept ;
    rdfs:label "Material kind"@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:Insulation a twb:MaterialKind ; skos:prefLabel "insulation"@en ; skos:inScheme twb:MaterialKinds ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .
twb:Timber a twb:MaterialKind ; skos:prefLabel "timber"@en ; skos:inScheme twb:MaterialKinds ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .
twb:Board a twb:MaterialKind ; skos:prefLabel "board"@en ; skos:inScheme twb:MaterialKinds ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .
twb:Masonry a twb:MaterialKind ; skos:prefLabel "masonry"@en ; skos:inScheme twb:MaterialKinds ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .
twb:Membrane a twb:MaterialKind ; skos:prefLabel "membrane"@en ; skos:inScheme twb:MaterialKinds ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .
twb:VentilatedAirLayer a twb:MaterialKind ; skos:prefLabel "ventilated air layer"@en ; skos:inScheme twb:MaterialKinds ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .
twb:StillAirLayer a twb:MaterialKind ; skos:prefLabel "unventilated air layer"@en ; skos:inScheme twb:MaterialKinds ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .
twb:MaterialKinds a skos:ConceptScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Material kinds"@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .
twb:thermalConductivity
    a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "thermal conductivity"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Design thermal conductivity (lambda)."@en ;
    rdfs:domain twb:Material ;
    rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
    twb:unit unit:W-PER-M-K ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:MemberPattern
    a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Member pattern"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Members of one width at one spacing within a layer, the rest of the layer being its own material."@en ;
    twb:archTerm "LayerMembers" ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:hasMemberPattern
    a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has member pattern"@en ;
    rdfs:domain twb:Layer ;
    rdfs:range twb:MemberPattern ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:memberWidth
    a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "member width"@en ;
    rdfs:domain twb:MemberPattern ;
    rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
    twb:unit unit:MilliM ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:spacing
    a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "spacing"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Centre-to-centre spacing."@en ;
    rdfs:domain twb:MemberPattern ;
    rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
    twb:unit unit:MilliM ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:runsAlongCore
    a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "runs along core"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "True when the members follow the core's members; false when they cross them (the default)."@en ;
    rdfs:domain twb:MemberPattern ;
    rdfs:range xsd:boolean ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:CladdingPattern
    a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Cladding pattern"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Boards laid out one by one: board-on-board, lap or board-and-batten, with their sizes."@en ;
    twb:archTerm "LayerCladding (envelope/cladding.ts)" ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:hasCladdingPattern
    a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:label "has cladding pattern"@en ;
    rdfs:domain twb:Layer ;
    rdfs:range twb:CladdingPattern ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:Taper
    a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Taper"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "A layer that grows in thickness away from the edge the water runs to, giving a level deck its fall (tapered insulation)."@en ;
    twb:archTerm "LayerTaper (envelope/taper.ts)" ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:hasTaper a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "has taper"@en ; rdfs:domain twb:Layer ; rdfs:range twb:Taper ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .
twb:fallPercent a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "fall"@en ; rdfs:comment "The fall of the layer's cold face, per cent (2 is 20 mm per metre)."@en ;
    rdfs:domain twb:Taper ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; twb:unit unit:PERCENT ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:MasonryBond
    a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Masonry bond"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "A facing leaf of brick laid in a bond: the layer's courses of stretchers and headers. Its look and its count of bricks; not its thickness."@en ;
    twb:archTerm "LayerMasonry (envelope/assembly.ts)" ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:hasMasonryBond a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "has masonry bond"@en ; rdfs:domain twb:Layer ; rdfs:range twb:MasonryBond ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .
twb:BrickBond
    a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf skos:Concept ;
    rdfs:label "Brick bond"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "How the bricks of a half-brick facing leaf are laid, course over course: løberforbandt (stretcher bond, the default), krydsforbandt, blokforbandt, munkeforbandt or polsk forbandt."@en ;
    twb:archTerm "BrickBond (envelope/brick-bond.ts)" ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:brickBond a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "brick bond"@en ; rdfs:domain twb:MasonryBond ; rdfs:range twb:BrickBond ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .
twb:WallTies
    a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "Wall ties"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Stainless steel ties through a layer, binding a facing leaf to the inner leaf or the frame across it. Counted in the layer's U-value by EN ISO 6946 Annex F.3."@en ;
    twb:archTerm "LayerTies (envelope/assembly.ts)" ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:hasWallTies a owl:ObjectProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty ; rdfs:label "has wall ties"@en ; rdfs:domain twb:Layer ; rdfs:range twb:WallTies ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .
twb:tiesPerSquareMetre a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "ties per square metre"@en ;
    rdfs:domain twb:WallTies ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; twb:unit unit:PER-M2 ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:tieDiameter a owl:DatatypeProperty ; rdfs:label "tie diameter"@en ;
    rdfs:domain twb:WallTies ; rdfs:range xsd:decimal ; twb:unit unit:MilliM ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:boundaryCondition
    a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "boundary condition"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "What the recipe is designed to have beyond its outermost layer."@en ;
    rdfs:domain twb:Recipe ;
    rdfs:range twb:EnvironmentZone ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:uValue
    a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "U-value"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Thermal transmittance of the recipe as realised on a surface (derived from its layers and the frame's timber share)."@en ;
    rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
    twb:unit unit:W-PER-M2-K ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

# =================================================================================================
#  Linear thermal transmittance
# =================================================================================================

twb:linearThermalTransmittance
    a owl:DatatypeProperty ;
    rdfs:label "linear thermal transmittance"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "The psi-value of a junction or an opening edge, per metre of its length."@en ;
    rdfs:range xsd:decimal ;
    twb:unit unit:W-PER-M-K ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

# =================================================================================================
#  Resolution: which level of specification decided
# =================================================================================================

twb:Resolution
    a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf skos:Concept ;
    rdfs:label "Resolution"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Which level of specification decided a detail: the instance's own, a type-level template, a project standard, or the default."@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .

twb:ResolvedByOwn a twb:Resolution ; skos:prefLabel "own"@en ; skos:inScheme twb:Resolutions ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .
twb:ResolvedByTemplate a twb:Resolution ; skos:prefLabel "template"@en ; skos:inScheme twb:Resolutions ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .
twb:ResolvedByStandard a twb:Resolution ; skos:prefLabel "standard"@en ; skos:inScheme twb:Resolutions ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .
twb:ResolvedByRule a twb:Resolution ; skos:prefLabel "rule"@en ; skos:inScheme twb:Resolutions ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .
twb:ResolvedByDefault a twb:Resolution ; skos:prefLabel "default"@en ; skos:inScheme twb:Resolutions ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .
twb:Resolutions a skos:ConceptScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Resolutions"@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .
twb:resolvedBy
    a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:label "resolved by"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "Derived: which level of specification decided the detail of an edge, an opening or the recipe of a surface."@en ;
    rdfs:range twb:Resolution ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy <https://w3id.org/twb/construction> .